Static Routing Advanced Explained by Fiance Ticoalu (Mikrotik)

As we understand it... routing is about finding the best path.

static routing is relative simple..where is the connected network and where is the remote network, next  set up  dst-address and gateway in the routers... if working ...finish. But it's not that simple.

 

1. Routing Component:

- RIB ( Routing Information Base ) / Routing Table

- FIB ( Forwarding Information Base ) / Forwarding Table

- RIB (Routing Table) contains route data to a specific network.
- RIB (Routing Table) contains metric(value/priority) from each route.
- RIB (Routing Table) made from :
  - All route from dynamic routing protocol
  - All route from connected network
  - All route from static route.

Example: Mikrotik Routing Table in Winbox

2. Administrative Distance:

-Used for finding the best path, when there is more than one routing protocol to same spesific destination.

-Value distance is 0 - 255 | distance = 255 is  rejected.

- The Smallest distance is prioritized.

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Load Balancing explained by Fiance Ticoalu (MikroTik)

 

The purpose of load balancing, at it simplest : minimizing overload traffic in a path/link.

 List of load balancing type/algorithm :

1. Per packet load balancing

2. Per connection load balancing

3. Per address-pair load balancing

4. Custom load balancing

1. PER PACKET LOAD BALANCING.

 The packets from one session will be split and forward to multiple path.

Example: packets from one session from ip address 192.168.1.1/24 to www.youtube.com  will be split and forward by router to internet ISP1(universal) 101.0.100.254/30 - ISP2 (biznet) 210.0.210.254/30)
because packet is forwarding by router to different ISP, delays between one and other packet is happened. No matter how fast your Internet connection will slow down.

 

2. PER CONNECTION LOAD BALANCING.

The packets from one session,  forward to one path/link only  (the packets not splited)

Example: packets from one session (first session) from ip address 192.168.1.1/24 to www.youtube.com, forwarded to one path only by router (ISP1 universal)

Example: packets from one session (second session) from ip address 192.168.1.1/24 to www.youtube.com, forwarded to one path only by router (ISP2  biznet)

 

2. PER ADDRESS PAIR LOAD BALANCING.

 

 

 

 

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JNCIA LAB

This lab requires :
-Simulation/ Emulator Software GNS3
-Oracle VM VirtualBox
-And Juniper Junos Olive Image
( you can search it on google or copy this link (download and how to install) "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14uMxKgos9I")

Recomended hardware requirments:
-CPU: 4 Cores Intel or AMD High end Procesors.
-RAM: 8GB DDR3/4
-Storage: SSD >128GB
-OS: Windows 10 Pro.


I. STATIC ROUTING SINGLE HOP AND MULTI HOP

I.1 - Static route single hop:
the objectif : R1 can ping IP Loopback R2 and vice versa.
First... we must configure the IP Address.

# Interface Configuration in R1
set interface lo0.0 family inet address 1.1.1.1/32
set interface em0.0 family inet address 12.12.12.1/24

# Interface Configuration in R2
set interface lo0.0 family inet address 2.2.2.2/32
set interface em0.0 family inet address 12.12.12.2/24

Second... we configure static route in R1 and R2,  Because R2 is edge router, we configure R2 using default route.

# static route configuration in R1
set routing-options static route 2.2.2.2/32 next-hop 12.12.12.2

#static route configuration in R2
set routing-options static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 12.12.12.1

 

 

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Linux Fundamental

Can use any linux distribution, I use Ubuntu Server 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish)

okay let's go

1. File Hierarchy

 "/" slash is like C in windows OS, yes... file system. root directory of the entire file system.

Like the picture above, u can practice it. in the "/" contain some folders (blue color) and file(white color).

2. Navigating File 

-Absolute Path : always starts with "/" (enter the root directory first)
example :

-Relative Path : not necessarily start with "/" (just customize with path location)
example :

 

*pwd : prints the full name (the full path) of current/working directory

ls: ls is a Linux shell command that lists directory contents of files and directories
example:

 

 

 

 

3. Creating File & Directory 

touch : used to create a new empty file and to change the timestamps of existing file
example :

 

 


mkdir : used in Linux to create a new directory/folder
example:

 

 

4. File Manangement

cd: used to change the current directory of the terminal
example:

 

 

 

 

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Default VLAN vs Native VLAN.

Even a ccna still confused ~Default VLAN VS Native VLAN.
What is difference between Default VLAN and Native VLAN........?

At it's simplest :

- VLAN 1 is the Default VLAN and can't be changed. yes is like factory default.

- NATIVE VLAN : by default NATIVE VLAN is VLAN 1 but can be changed to any VLAN, and used for switch, that do not supporting VLAN tagging ~ switch, that only supporting untagged vlan traffic.

- one of the many difference between Default VLAN and Native VLAN is , only one Default VLAN per switch, but per switch can handle multiple Native VLAN. ~ my favorite part for explanation.

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